As you can see in the illustration below, five travel agencies agreed to establish standard charges for reserved buses on the excursion of the school trip for a certain municipal junior high school in one year. They also agreed to set standards for the accommodation fees, the rates of planning fee and the cost of tour conductors. For the municipal junior high school, the costs were higher than the standard prices determined by the travel agencies.
This act caused a substantial restraint of competition in the market for travel business relating to the school trip of the municipal junior high school.

As a result of the investigation by the Fair Trade Commission, the act of the travel agencies was found to come under a cartel (unreasonable restraint of trade). Accordingly, a cease and desist order was issued against the travel agencies.